School of Physical Sciences of USTC was founded in 2009. It is the School of Science of USTC in origin, which was founded in 1994 and comprised department of Mathematics, Physics ,Chemistry , Astronomy ,Geography, Biology. Its honorary dean is Mr. Chen Ning Yang, the Nobel Prize owner. At present the school consists of Physics, Modern Physics, Optics and Optical Engineering, Astronomy, Engineering and Applied Physics,Physics Experiment Teaching Center. Since 1958, School of Physical Sciences has became the master of physics gathering place, which made it one of the top centers for physics research.

School of Physical Sciences now has 446 members of faculty, among whom are 116 professors,118 associate professors, including 17 academicians of CAS and CAE, 2 National Excellent Teacher,20 members of Cheung Kong Scholars Programme, 43 members supported by the National Foundation for Distinguished Youths.

The school has the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , 4 Key Laboratories of CAS : the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information , the Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance , the Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, the Key Laboratory of Galaxies and Cosmology and 2 Key Laboratories of Anhui province: The PhotoElectro Laboratory as well as The Physical Electronics Laboratory.